-
Sexually Transmitted Infections Apr 2002Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis. It is rare in industrialised countries, but is endemic in parts of Africa, Asia, South America,... (Review)
Review
Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis. It is rare in industrialised countries, but is endemic in parts of Africa, Asia, South America, and the Caribbean. We discuss its clinical features, diagnosis, and management.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Humans; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male
PubMed: 12081191
DOI: 10.1136/sti.78.2.90 -
Microorganisms May 2023is an evasive pathogen that can prompt severe clinical manifestations in humans such as vaginitis, epididymitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, trachoma, conjunctivitis and... (Review)
Review
is an evasive pathogen that can prompt severe clinical manifestations in humans such as vaginitis, epididymitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, trachoma, conjunctivitis and pneumonia. If left untreated, chronic infections with can give rise to long-lasting and even permanent sequelae. To shed some light on its widespread nature, data from original research, systematic reviews and meta-analyses from three databases was collected and analyzed in the context of chlamydial infection, related symptoms and appropriate treatment modalities. This review describes the bacterium's pervasiveness on a global scale, especially in developing countries, and suggests ways to halt its transmission and spread. Infections with often go unnoticed, as many individuals are asymptomatic and unaware of their diagnosis, contributing to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. The high prevalence of chlamydial infection highlights the need for a universal screening and detection method enabling immediate treatment at its onset. Prognosis is favorable with antibiotic therapy and education for high-risk groups and their sexual partners. In the future, a quick, easily accessible, and inexpensive test should be developed to diagnose and treat infected individuals early on. Along with a vaccine against , it would halt the transmission and spread of the pathogen worldwide.
PubMed: 37317257
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051283 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Jul 2016To review the literature about lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and to provide an overview and discussion of practice guidelines. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature about lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and to provide an overview and discussion of practice guidelines.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
The terms Chlamydia trachomatis and lymphogranuloma venereum were searched separately in PubMed. Empirical studies, practice reviews, and clinical guidelines were included. All reference lists were reviewed for additional articles.
MAIN MESSAGE
Since 2003, there has been a resurgence of LGV among men who have sex with men in many Western countries, including Canada. Although LGV is a serovar of Chlamydia trachomatis (serovar L), it can invade regional lymph nodes, and consequently presents with different symptoms than the other subtypes of chlamydia (serovars A through K). Specifically, LGV transitions through 3 phases: a painless papule or ulcer at the site of inoculation; invasion of the regional lymph nodes, which can present with an inguinal or rectal syndrome; and irreversible destruction of lymph tissue. In contrast, chlamydia serovars A to K exclusively produce superficial mucosal infections. Lymphogranuloma venereum also requires a different treatment regimen than other chlamydia serovars.
CONCLUSION
In light of the current resurgence of LGV, its unique symptoms and clinical course, and its requirement for a different treatment than other chlamydia serovars, it is important for primary care providers to recognize when LGV should be included as an appropriate differential diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia trachomatis; Doxycycline; Humans; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 27412206
DOI: No ID Found -
Sexually Transmitted Infections Dec 2006
Topics: Chlamydia trachomatis; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Immunoassay; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Mass Screening; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Rectal Diseases; Risk Factors; Secondary Prevention; Travel; Unsafe Sex; Urethral Diseases
PubMed: 17151048
DOI: 10.1136/sti.2006.023143 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Oct 2023Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) are a major public health problem. The problems inherent to their diagnosis, treatment and prevention have to do not only with... (Review)
Review
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) are a major public health problem. The problems inherent to their diagnosis, treatment and prevention have to do not only with their nature, but also with organizational issues and overlapping competencies of the different health authorities in Spain. The real situation of STI in Spain, at present, is poorly known. For this reason, the Scientific Committee on COVID and Emerging Pathogens of the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) has formulated a series of questions on this subject which were distributed, not only among the members of the Committee, but also among experts outside it. The central health authorities provide very high and increasing figures for gonococcal infection, syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis infection and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Both HIV infection and Monkeypox are two important STI caused by viruses in our environment, to which it should be added, mainly, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Emerging microorganisms such as Mycoplasma genitalium pose not only pathogenic challenges but also therapeutic problems, as in the case of N. gonohrroeae. The pathways that patients with suspected STI follow until they are adequately diagnosed and treated are not well known in Spain. Experts understand that this problem is fundamentally managed in public health institutions, and that Primary Care and Hospital Emergency Services, together with some institutions that deal monographically with this problem, are the recipients of most of these patients. One of the most serious difficulties of STI lies in the availability of the microbiological tests necessary for their diagnosis, particularly in this era of outsourcing of microbiology services. Added to this is the increased cost of implementing the latest generation of molecular techniques and the difficulties of transporting samples. It is clear that STI are not diseases to which the entire population is equally exposed and it is necessary to have a better knowledge of the risk groups where to focus the necessary interventions adapted to their characteristics. It should not be forgotten that STI are also a problem in the pediatric age group and that their presence can be a marker of sexual abuse with all that this implies in terms of health care and medicolegal activity. Finally, STI are infections that are associated with a high cost of care for which we have very little information. The possibility of expanding the automatic performance of laboratory tests for STI surveillance through laboratory routines is encountering ethical and legal problems that are not always easy to solve. Spain has created a ministerial area of specific attention to STI and there are plans to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these problems, but we still lack the necessary evidence on their impact. We cannot forget that these are diseases that transcend the individual and constitute a Public Health problem.
Topics: Humans; Child; HIV Infections; Spain; COVID-19; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Gonorrhea; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Prevalence
PubMed: 37335757
DOI: 10.37201/req/038.2023 -
Microorganisms Aug 2016The intracellular life style of chlamydia and the ability to cause persistent infections with low-grade replication requires tests with high analytical sensitivity to... (Review)
Review
The intracellular life style of chlamydia and the ability to cause persistent infections with low-grade replication requires tests with high analytical sensitivity to directly detect C. trachomatis (CT) in medical samples. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are the most sensitive assays with a specificity similar to cell culture and are considered the method of choice for CT detection. In addition, NAATs can be performed on various clinical specimens that do not depend on specific transport and storage conditions, since NAATs do not require infectious bacteria. In the case of lower genital tract infections, first void urine and vaginal swabs are the recommended specimens for testing males and females, respectively. Infections of anorectal, oropharyngeal and ocular epithelia should also be tested by NAAT analysis of corresponding mucosal swabs. In particular, anorectal infections of men who have sex with men (MSM) should include evaluation of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) by identification of genotypes L1, L2 or L3. Detection of CT antigens by enzyme immunoassay (EIAs) or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are unsuitable due to insufficient sensitivity and specificity. Recent PCR-based RDTs, however, are non-inferior to standard NAATs, and might be used at the point-of-care. Serology finds application in the diagnostic work-up of suspected chronic CT infection but is inappropriate to diagnose acute infections.
PubMed: 27681919
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4030025 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Nov 2020Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is an emerging disease in men who have sex with men (MSM): the incidence was 1.15 cases per 100,000 population in Spain in 2017. Patients...
UNLABELLED
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is an emerging disease in men who have sex with men (MSM): the incidence was 1.15 cases per 100,000 population in Spain in 2017. Patients with LGV characteristically have severe proctitis that can cause abscesses, fistulas, and anal stenosis. Genital ulcers and inflammatory inguinal adenopathy may occasionally be present. The aim of this study was to describe a series of patients with LGV treated in a public health service hospital in Andalusia, Spain.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective, observational description of a series of patients diagnosed with LGV. We gathered epidemiologic, clinical, microbiologic, and treatment data. Patients' sexual behaviors were also noted.
RESULTS
We found 17 cases of LGV diagnosed in MSM between October 2016 and May 2019. Twelve of the patients were also infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, and 13 had severe proctitis with ulcers in the anal canal and rectum. Four patients had genital or inguinal manifestations. The following high-risk sexual behaviors were on record: a high number of sexual partners, receptive anal sex with strangers and without a condom, seeking sexual partners online, participation in group sex, and sex with partners from outside Andalusia. Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 was identified in all cases, and the infection responded well to oral doxycycline. Two patients with the most characteristic form of LGV required longer treatment cycles. Three required surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
When symptomatic proctitis is found in MSM who engage in high-risk sex, the LGV exudate should be sampled and the C trachomatis serovar identified. Genital ulcers or inguinal buboes are also highly suggestive of LGV. Clinical suspicion and early treatment are the keys to preventing complications and disease transmission.
Topics: Health Services; Homosexuality, Male; Hospitals; Humans; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Retrospective Studies; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Spain
PubMed: 32871127
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.02.006 -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... Oct 2016We describe a 60-year-old man who presented with rectal pain and bleeding of a month's duration. His presentation was highly suggestive of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)...
We describe a 60-year-old man who presented with rectal pain and bleeding of a month's duration. His presentation was highly suggestive of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) proctitis. Nucleic acid amplification for chlamydia and gonorrhea via rectal swab revealed evidence supportive of anorectal chlamydia. Treatment with doxycycline resulted in complete resolution of his symptoms.
PubMed: 27695183
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2016.11929494 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Mar 1949
Topics: Humans; Lymphogranuloma Venereum
PubMed: 18112717
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.25.281.106